Discourse On Metaphysics Essay Example For Students

Talk On Metaphysics Essay In the Discourse on Metaphysics by Leibniz he propose that, â€Å"we keep up that everything that is to happen to some individual is as of now contained basically in his inclination or thought, as properties of a circle are contained in its definition.† This affirmation raised a trouble for Leibniz. This trouble was that â€Å"human opportunity will not hold anymore, and that a flat out casualty would control over the entirety of our activities just as over the remainder of what occurs in the world.† With such a reality there would be no utilization with the expectation of complimentary will and whatever destiny capitulates an individual is the desire of the Most High; at the end of the day, being foreordained. Be that as it may, for Leibniz, this isn't the decided truth of mankind. Leibniz affirms, that it is God and just God, who has the knowledge of keeps an eye on most noteworthy reality. Furthermore, man can't determine all of what he is, and is to turn into. For n o one but God can anticipate his destiny. Leibniz recommend it is the ideal and great result, that God has arranged for every person; and it is dependent upon every individual to satisfy that expected end. This expected end (which God just knows every single imaginable result), is accomplished through the individual creation free choices and deciding her destiny. God announces just the absolute best conceivable result for humankind, and this idea is woven inside the grandiose embroidered artwork of the human brain (from the earlier). In spite of the fact that this is the pronouncement of God, that lone the absolute best conceivable reality will be for humankind; the blemished is conceivable. For Leibniz states, â€Å"as I have just stated, in spite of the fact that God’s decision of the best is sure, that doesn't keep the less impeccable from being and staying conceivable in itself, in spite of the fact that it won't happen; for it isn't its inconceivability however its flaw which makes God dismiss it.† Therefore, just the absolute best result is to be for a person. These results and future results of life are based off the inborn idea of the person. What's more, the individual will pick the most ideal result of every single imaginable result for her life. For God wills it so. This being things being what they are, what makes up the idea of an individual who decides to see and know God, versus, the individual who decides to carry on with his life intentionally seeing a reality without God? This individual who decides not to know God, prevents the presence from securing such a Being. In the event that God announces the absolute best result for man, for what reason would such an idea or nature be made and showed inside that person? Since at that point, the individual just has the absolute best potential results of interminable potential results inside the limits of his inborn nature; which isn't to know the Divine Creator. This being simply the sit uation, he sentences as indicated by the sacred texts. In endeavoring to uncover understanding upon the initial segment of this two-overlap question, one should initially perceive the importance of human instinct. As per the definitive assessment of The Random House College Dictionary human instinct is characterized as; â€Å"the mental and social characteristics that describe mankind.† In surveying the mental and social characteristics of humankind, it was anything but difficult to wind up devoured inside the boundlessness of characteristical characteristics for which mankind has been enriched. These characteristics run from numbness to information; sorrow to euphoria; from incontinence to patience; desire to persistence; foul play to equity; from perniciousness to sympathy, and other mental and social quality which fall under these specifics. In this way, human instinct comprise of a nearly vastness measure of conceivable mental and social characteristics. It likewise shows up as though nobody quality has any predominance over a nother quality in agreement to its effect upon the human condition. It appears as that during childbirth these characteristics are as of now present, yet unexpressed. These characteristics keep on being unexpressed, ‘less conditions and experience summon and create them as the youngster gets more seasoned. One can not be instructed to feel joy or distress. Nor can the idea of desire be pushed onto the human spirit as a shroud is put upon the individual who is to wear it. It must be inside the spirit natural, from the earlier, lying lethargic, and anticipating advancement. Presently maybe this is a potential motivation behind why Leibniz propose â€Å"that everything that is to happen to some individual is now contained for all intents and purposes in his nature.† For this individual’s human instinct has an interminability of conceivable mental and social characteristics; which gives him a limitless number of potential real factors to live out, contingent on the characteristics of his tendency. In moving toward the initial segment of the inquiry, (what makes up the idea of an individual who decides to see and know God, versus, the individual who decides to carry on with his life deliberately seeing a reality without God?), it is seen that an individual’s nature is comprised of a multitudinous measure of characteristics, running from that of the celestial to the profane. Destitute Books EssayBut on the opposite finish of this range, there are exceptional discoveries. In addressing other people who didn't proclaim to want to know God, some talked about a comparable nature and life to the individuals who professed to know and look for God. They didn't end up assaulted by the torments depicted previously. What's more, in the event that they experienced any torments or had those characteristics all through their regular day to day existences, it was of a mellow way; not the slightest bit constraining them to look for a perfect impact. The individuals who looked for God, talked about preliminaries that they had understanding, yet inside these preliminaries there was a feeling of harmony and solace as they moved in the direction of God. In a similar regard, the individuals who don't affirm God, can locate this equivalent since of harmony and solace by going to other people or their different loves and interests of life. The capacity to cooperative with the individuals who have risen above this plain of presence can't be analyzed and taken in to thought. For on the off chance that it were attainable, maybe light could then be shed upon whether the individuals who decided not to know God, sought Him since they were currently tormented, and just could seek after one more opportunity, as they were leaving this world. Since that is anything but a current chance, the staying comparative discoveries must be considered. These likenesses raise a baffling inquiry. Are the natures of one who picks God and one who doesn't pick God the equivalent? Considering the proof of such a reality in the above, taking everything into account one can say that they are the equivalent in nature. This peculiar, yet interesting finding brings cause for more profound examination. In the event that the idea of each individual is apparently comparable in its huge vastness of potential characteristics, at that point one must gander at what improvement lies between o ne who picks God and on who doesn't pick God. The principle and most critical distinction between them is simply the decision. At that point generally, it has nothing to do truly with the idea of the individual, however the decision that she makes about the relationship she will have with God. This carries the examination to the second piece of the two-crease question. On the off chance that God announces the absolute best result for man, for what reason would such an idea or nature (a nature of an individual who doesn't pick God) be made and showed inside that person? All things considered, it must be recommended that the nature every person is given has a similar expected mental and social characteristics of one another. This has gotten apparent. Leibniz states in his talk that, God gives every individual a nature that has just the ideal result expected. Along these lines, you will be given the best end pending on what characteristics you are slanted to pick. On the off chance tha t one decides to know God, she will get an actual existence that is entirely befitting of that decision. All the potential and potential conditions, encounters, and ends will be in the considerations of God, and might be uncovered to the person in a limited manner, however she has it completely inside her. What's more, much the same as the individual who has picked God, the individual who has not picked God will get her ideal result. In the event that it is to be an existence of torment and enduring, this is the ideal and great life as indicated by the decisions she makes slanted by her temperament. In this way it very well may be expressed, that the mental and social characteristics of human instinct are the equivalent. This being along these lines, it is the decision one makes that decides whether God will be looked for after or not. The ideal end is announced by God. It is the duty of the individual, what life way he will take as per his slanting nature. The decision is surrender ed over to the person. Furthermore, the decision concerning this matter of God, can without much of a stretch be summarized in Blaise Pascal’s bet; it is possible that you decide for God, or you don't decide for God. In any case, as destiny regards it, as you are conceived, so should you choose!!!! Theory

High School Fears free essay sample

There were no sharks circumnavigating me. I wasn’t sticking to an edge several feet over the ground. I wasn’t lost in a dim alley†¦but I was as yet terrified. It was the night prior to the main day of secondary school and my psyche was loaded with stresses: of new individuals. Of harder classes. Of the 2,400 understudies in my school. â€Å"Are you energized for your first day?† my mother inquired. The weight hung over me and I quickly burst into tears. The network shows I viewed celebrated secondary school, causing it to appear the most significant four years of my life. Furthermore, going from a class of 40 to more than 500 was a significant progress. I was restless and not taking care of it well. Be that as it may, my mother embraced and helped me, saying the following day would be incredible. She wasn't right. The primary long stretches of school were terrible. I acted horrendously bashful, despite the fact that I’m normally gregarious and laidbac k. We will compose a custom exposition test on Secondary School Fears or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I sat quietly in class, despite the fact that I knew the appropriate responses. I dreaded doing or making statements strange in dread that I would be judged and named for the remainder of secondary school. What's more, that dread grabbed hold of me until I had no voice, and no character. As the repetitive schooldays cruised by, I understood I expected to roll out an improvement on the off chance that I at any point needed to accomplish my ideal secondary school understanding. So I gradually constrained myself out of my usual range of familiarity. I conversed with a renewed individual in class. That wasn’t really awful. At that point I made arrangements with them outside of school. What’s the most terrible that could occur? At that point, ball season showed up. Practices occupied a large portion of my time and my group required me. I was at long last calm. After gradually constraining myself to step out of my usual range of familiarity, I became out of my vulnerability. Thinking back, it shocks me how I let my apprehensions control me. I lament the time I squandered becoming to be agreeable in who I am, however I like the individual I became. I might not have the perfect secondary school dream I was seeking after, however I’m getting a charge out of the present and anticipating the future: to long lasting companions. To charming classes. What's more, to satisfying my motivation throughout everyday life.

Classical Conditioning Learn How to Create Habits for Success

Classical Conditioning Learn How to Create Habits for Success Don’t you know that there is science behind your cravings for your favorite restaurant food or sweets when you think about them?This science is also responsible for your excitement when you go out to work. It’s also the reason why you’re probably scared about the idea of hiking if you have fear of heights.It’s even responsible for people’s urge to smoke cigarettes or drink coffee if they are addicted to nicotine and/or caffeine, respectively. This science what we call as classical conditioning, and you will realize here that it’s actually a part of our everyday reactions. Classical conditioning is a type of learning that acquires new information and behavior based on associating a certain stimulation.Many experts believe that classical conditioning deals with our reaction based on our experience. It’s also believed that classical conditioning refers to a learning process based on a paired stimulus. It’s where a strong stimulus is paired with a neutral-level stimulus i n order to create a response.The basics of classical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov. Several factors which employ classical conditioning were soon discovered after he discovered it.These will be explained later on.Firstly, let us take a look at Ivan Pavlov’s life and how he was able to develop classical conditioning.IVAN PAVLOV THE FATHER OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGIvan Pavlov (September 14, 1849 February 27, 1936) was the physiologist who discovered the learning process.His childhood days in a church school in Ryazan showed a curiosity at a highly intellectual level that he calls his “instinct for research”. He got his ideas when he based Dmitry Pisarev and Ivan Sechenov’s ideals in physiology.As a result, Pavlov started to focus on science and physiology and left he church school to attend a natural science course at the University of Saint Petersburg.From this moment, until his discovery of classical conditioning, Pavlov was able to comfortably study his passi on to the point where he became known as one of the most successful physiologists of his time.Classical conditioning was actually his main focus throughout his career and he devoted his life in developing various theories about it.He was able to grab various rewards in his career, such as gold medals when he got his degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences in 2875. He even won a Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904; the first Russian to receive the Nobel prize.He is highly regarded and respected for his talents even up to this day.A Dog, a Bell and Some Food: The Discovery of Classical ConditioningPavlov’s discovery of classical conditioning occurred in the 1900s where he experimented with his dog Circa. Pavlov’s experiment was the foundation of the learning process as it shows the very basics of the study.The very first experiment undergone two phases. The first one was conducted by Pavlov when the dog was placed in a box with a harness. The dog was left alone in the b ox for a few hours. This procedure was repeated many times on different days.However, this phase didn’t prove much of the study. However, the second phase proved the most basic result of the experiment.It was conducted by observing how Circa will salivate based on two different but paired stimulus.A salivary gland was attached to the dog to measure the amount of saliva produced upon stimulation. Pavlov rang a bell (which he called as the neutral stimulus or NS) and then gave food (Pavlov called this as the unconditioned stimulus or UCS) to Circa afterwards.The process was repeated every time Circa receives food.At the first few days, the dog salivated (labeled initially as an unconditioned response or UCR only at the sight of the food.But when the experiment was repeated further for multiple days, the dog seemed to salivate (now called as the conditioned response or CR) at the sound of the ring without the food being seen.This caused the neutral stimulus (the ringing) to become a conditioned stimulus (CS) through the support of the unconditioned stimulus (the food). This caused the dog to instinctively think that the ringing of the bell means mealtime.Author’s Note: I also had the same scenario with my cats. When we first go them, they don’t respond on the sound of the plastic bag when I shake it before feeding them with the ca food in it. After a few months, they respond quickly and approach me whenever they hear the rusting of the plastic bag. They even meow for food when they hear us eat during mealtime because they got used to getting fed right after our meals. It just shows that classical conditioning is purely based on experience and instinct combined.“The graph below serves as the blueprint of the experiment and the very basic example of classical conditioning: Source: PsychstudyHUMANS HAVE INSTINCTS: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ON HUMANSClassical conditioning’s was also found out to be applicable to humans, as classical conditioning is a form behavioral pattern.There are numerous proofs where classical conditioning is applied to our everyday lives.It has played an important role in generating various responses. The field of behavioral science has also accepted classical conditioning as a basis for numerous researches that studies mental health as well.More advanced conditioning studies such as fear conditioning and taste aversion learning also rooted from trials conducted from classical conditioning.According to Morsella (Psychological Review, 2005), people have the ability to suppress behaviors but cannot suppress the urges that connects the stimulus of their behaviors.Morsella also states that the circuits in the brain that conducts classical conditioning are different from the circuits that develop our conscious memories.She also stated th at classical conditioning is different from operant conditioning as it’s based on stimulating the person in exchange of a certain reward which she called as “voluntary” conditioning.On the other hand, Morsella dubs classical conditioning as “involuntary”. She also credited Pavlov for the development of her review.Daily experiences from any type of stimulation can be conducted to humans as well, such as what this scene from The Office shows: In the video shown above, Jim classically conditions Dwight by giving him some mints whenever Jim’s computer plays an error sound. Jim repeatedly did It to the point where Dwight is instinctively asking for the mints even if Jim doesn’t have any at the moment.The Little Albert Experiment: A Case Study In Developing Phobia One of the milestones that made classical conditioning more noticeable to humans is the Little Albert Experiment. It was done by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner on a 9 month old infant named Albert.He was tested on his reactions by introducing stimuli based on animal interaction.Albert was able to touch and see white rats and monkeys. He was also introduced to objects such as masks. The infant didn’t respond to the animals and objects.However, Little Albert began to cry when these objects and animals were shown, followed by a loud sound of a hammer hitting a steel bar. The noise startled Little Albert to tears.Two months later, Albert was conditioned to fearing the rat by presenting it in front of the baby, followed by the noise of the hammer striking the steel bar.This was done seven times within seven weeks, resulting in Albert crying all the time.Afterwards, physiologists observed that Little Albert starts to experience fear upon the sight of the white rat even if no hammer is stroke against the steel bar.The conditioned response of fear is often conditionally stimulated by everything white from this point; even a white fur coat or a white dog scared the child.Watson and Rayner labele d this learning process as generalization, which is linked to various applications of classical conditioning in a human’s everyday life and activities.APPLICATIONS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING IN OUR EVERYDAY LIVESOur conditioned stimulus can come from different aspects of life that we have developed over the years.This is what Morsella has stated whenever we deal with involuntary reactions based on a certain stimuli that we expect or unexpectedly encounter in our everyday lives. Here are the following applications of classical conditioning that we may or may not be aware of in our daily lives:AdvertisingAdvertising techniques are also heavy associated with classical conditioning.Some businesses even conduct research with physiologists to observe the behavior of the people within their market. Companies employ different personalities for advertising.For example, animated character are often used as commercial models for kids’ products. On the other hand, beautiful women are often u sed for beauty product advertisements and apparels.The field of advertising can also use a certain daily scenario as a way to classically condition the market into purchasing their product. For example, a child or adult having a terrible cough is shown in commercials for cough medicines. In turn, the market to purchase on the company’s end when they suffer from a terrible cough.AddictionThe study of addiction to humans and its treatment was further advanced through the use of classical conditioning.Rehabilitation centers also employ classical conditioning to their treatments to drug and alcohol addicts.Addiction is an easy example of classical conditioning as people addicted to a certain substance can feel relaxed even before intaking what they crave for.For example, caffeine addicts may experience relaxation upon smelling or thinking about coffee.Author’s Note: I was addicted to cigarettes two years ago. When I first started to smoke in 2009, I suddenly adopted a trait where I suddenly crave for cigarettes just by smelling the smoke from other smokers. I even became conditioned to smoking whenever I feel stressed years later when I started working.Doctors also got help from physiologists when treating addiction. Smoking cessation can now be accomplished through medication.Varenicline is one of those products as it weakens a patient’s nicotinic receptor. This results in reduced cravings for nicotine and can decrease the satisfaction felt from smoking tobacco. Varencline’s notable side effect is nausea; it Is even induced when the patient starts smoking again.This is called as conditioned taste aversion an advanced form of classical conditioning in tasting food and substances. This also results the patient to instinctively remember themselves to intake Varencline whenever they feel the urge to smoke completely breaking the habit.Author’s Note: Classical conditioning is also applicable for breaking addiction without the need for drugs. However, it is through experience. I suffered from bronchitis two years ago, where I finally became a heavy smoker. Ever since I got cured from it, I always remembered that horrible experience whenever I think about smoking cigarettes prompting me to avoid it. It shows that you can conditionally become stimulated in quitting to smoke if you experienced something that negatively impacted you.Emotional ResponseThere are two types of emotional response that can be generated through classical conditioning: negative and positive responses.Negative responses such as fear can be stimulated by associating it with what the person hears. For example, if they are afraid of dogs, a nearby bark of the dog can make them nervous even if they can’t see the dog yet. Phobias such as fear of water can also occur to hydrophobic patients when they go to a beach resort or a swimming pool.Positive responses such as relaxation can also occur when a person thinks of traveling or a massage when they badly need one. Exc itement is also a response based on classical conditioning if you feel like something good’s going to happen soon, like a planned trip or a date.HungerCravings are one of the by-products of classical conditioning as they become hungry when they think about a dish they are craving, resulting in its immediate purchase or preparation.Their cravings happen as they were able to experience something satisfying when they ate the dish out of hunger in the past.Some people walking or driving around town can feel hungry after they spot a restaurant or a popular fast-food chain. This happens because people are conditioned with the fact that restaurants provide the food they want to eat.Past ExperiencesPeople can also associate anything with a past experience.A soundtrack that you listened during your travels might make you remember those relaxing moments whenever you hear the song again on the radio.The scent of a perfume similar to what you girlfriend worn during a memorable date can make y ou reminisce those sweet moments if you smell if again in the mall.Post-traumatic disorders is also a by-product of classical conditioning for people who experienced something traumatic such as a war or an accident.The anxiety produced by PTSD may occur if a soldier who returned from combat hears fireworks during Independence Day or New Year, even if they enjoyed it before experiencing combat. Some worse scenarios involve the soldier being enraged or hysterical when they hear fireworks.Classical Conditioning in School and WorkStrict teachers, bullying, and school policies can induce fear to children when they attend their classes.A strict teacher who hates noise can silence the whole class if she arrives inside the room. It’s because they might have experienced the teacher’s scolding or punishments when one or more of the students produced unnecessary noise during class.Workplaces can produce more disciplined employees by implementing strict compliance and attendance policies. F riendly work environments or a workmates close to you can induce a feeling or attraction and urge to become productive at work.Drug and Food IntakeDrugs can also cause a conditioned response to our bodies and minds depending on what we felt when we first tried the medicine.For example, a bad tasting medicine can induce vomiting the next time you take it again.Some extreme cases even induce vomiting when the patient hears the name of the drug. On a positive note, some patients may feel relaxed when they are about to intake a medicine that relieved the symptoms of their illness.The same conditional response also goes for food. A person who hates vegetables may feel disgusted upon seeing or even hearing it. But cravings and hunger may occur to a person when they hear about their favorite dish.There are numerous examples of classical conditioning used in our daily lives. The following mentioned above are the most commonly experienced events. For sure this will keep you conscious about c lassical conditioning whenever you experience one of the following applications.HOW CAN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING IMPROVE OUR LIVESClassical conditioning can impact our lives positively or negatively.But that doesn’t mean that we don’t have a choice in improving our lives using classical conditioning.Here are some nice tips that you can follow if you want to improve your life using the learning procedure:Breaking Bad HabitsYou can use classical conditioning in reversing your bad habits.For example, you can quit from smoking by diverting the way you spend cigarette smoking into saving money.So instead of going to a convenience store to purchase a pack, you will just place it on a piggy bank. If you condition yourself in saving money whenever you feel the urge to smoke, you may turn that into a saving habit whenever you have spare change on your wallet.Facing Your FearsFacing your fears can be temporarily or permanently be done when you have to face your fear often.A lot of experienc ed hikers say that mountain climbing can be the ultimate way to remove your fear of heights.At first, you just have to think about the fact that you need to go up and down the mountain because your hiking buddies are going to leave you behind. If you always think about that, you will focus more on the goal rather than your fears.With enough traveling to the mountains, you will soon realize that you’re more oriented towards your goals while not minding your fears anymore as your mind is finally conditioned in catching up with your buddies.Teaching Children The Right MannersEducating children the right manners nowadays is very crucial. Kids are growing smarter nowadays, and some of them can reason out with their parents.Conditioning your children by portraying good manners in exchange of your comfort and attention can be a good way. At first, your children will always comply just to get your attention and the rewards behind it.But eventually as they grow up, they will start performi ng good manners even if you occasionally give them rewards. It’s because your kids will start to think that doing the right manners grants them proper approach from other people.Training Your PetYou can train your pet in classical conditioning to perform a wide variety of tasks. Even pet tricks can be learned through classical conditioning.You just have to use the neutral stimulus as the objective or the task/trick that you want to train to your pet. Use food as the unconditioned stimulus just like what Pavlov did to his experiment.Do this for a few days to the point where your pet can perform the task just by ordering them to do it even without the food. To maintain the skill that you trained them to do, be sure to occasionally reward them with food.Becoming Good At WorkIf you’re a lazy person and you want to change for the best in your career life, classical conditioning can be your ally in becoming a committed professional.Use your drive to work as the neutral stimulus over a long-term goal that you want to attain (which will be the unconditioned stimulus).Short term goals are not applicable as it might give you the risk of inconsistency at being a good professional that will keep you from working hard for a long time until you become a hardworking person even if your goal is already accomplished.Now that’s a good mindset to consider!CLASSICAL CONDITIONING IS OUR EXPERIENCEWe should be thankful for Pavlov’s discovery as it helped us notice about the different responses that we can make based on certain scenarios. We can use this as an evolutionary tool in predicting the outcome of our actions.It can also be used as a way to treat negative traits such as addiction. Fears can also be analyzed by observing the neutral and unconditioned stimuli of our fear so then we can come with a solution to overcome it.If we can’t do it, always remember that physiologists are also there to aid us, especially now that you have an idea how classical conditioning wor ks.Classical conditioning isn’t just something that physiologists should understand. Even commoners who aren’t versed in the field of behavioral studies should understand the simply basics of this learning procedure. It’s one of the many things that helps us respond in the many events that can impact our lives.That’s why it’s worth learning about.

Free modifier - Definition and examples of free modifiers in English

Awareness Of Nutrition, Physical Health, And Emotional...

In all youth sports there are a numerous amount of safety issues concerning the well-being of the youth. These safety issues has effected sporting events for a countless amount of years and will continue to. Some safety issues that I will focus on in this paper are: awareness of nutrition, physical health, and emotional stability. The concern for all or most of these safety issues has increased over the years, as they have become more enforced. Nutrition In regards to youth’s awareness of nutrition Eileen Harwood, Toben Nelson, Dianne Neumark-Sztainer and Megan Thomas (2012), professors at the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota shares that one parent defines healthy food or nutritional food as â€Å"something that’s not processed† (Food and Beverages in Youth Sport Settings). For example, healthy food would be fruit, granola bars, yogurt, etc. Children’s diet at a young age is very imperative, especially since the obesity rate has increased since 20 years ago. Enforcing a healthy diet at a young age can decreased the chance of youth becoming obese when they get older. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], the leading national public health institute of the USA states current facts that Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years, the percentage of children aged 6–11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012. Similarly, theShow MoreRelatedEarly Life Development Of Children Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopmental trajectory. According to World Health Organization (2016), healthy early childhood development includes social, emotional, physical and intellectual growth. World Health Organization further adds that these domains of development are very significant in influencing the well-being, mental health, criminality and economic contribution of a person throughout life. 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Unfortunately, according to the International Osteoporosis Foundation, (iofbonehealth.org), â€Å"By 2050, hip fractures are expected to multiply by 4.† So what can be doneRead MoreIntervention Plan And Care Of Hispanic Men Essay2805 Words   |  12 Pagesalso need to establish ways of addressing the miscommunication that occurs between the NPs and Hispanic men. Self-management is among the best evidence-based strategies for the management of T2DM across all populations. Self-management education, physical exercise, screening and healthy diets are crucial self-management strategies that can be useful for managing T2DM among the Hispanic men. Self-management education is particularly an important strategy for enhancing the results related to the condition

Mali of manila zoo-IR Free Essays

Old who has patiently fed and pampered â€Å"Mali† for 10 years. While an animal rights manage confronts that Manila zoo’s lone elephant is suffering physically and psychologically, her â€Å"best friend† has come out to let out sentiments to the contrary. He’s still the same, never been uncared-for, only those People’s Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) people who are making slanderous statements about the condition of Mali are saying that she is sick, they are all untrue, Noel said. We will write a custom essay sample on Mali of manila zoo-IR or any similar topic only for you Order Now PETA embers brought Richardson, a California-based elephant specialist for 40 years, to see Mali and later released a report on her condition, which he said was based on his visual inspection of the 38-year-old Mali is healthy. On a daily basis from morning and all through-out the day they kept the zoo clean especially Mali’s place and also for the people who visits the zoo. Manila zoo being one of the top attractions in Manila hundreds of people go over every day. Mali is really well-taken cared by his keeper, they serve plenty of foods for her including her cage, huge and always aintained clean. She eats meal twice a day, in the morning the zoo keeper serves her with Loaf bread, 5 kilos of sweet potatoes, 100 pieces of bananas, 5 kilos of carrots, 5 pieces of pineapples and a total of 180 kilos of grasses 5 bundles in the morning and 5 the afternoon. When her favourite food, Grasses are already decayed her keeper will immediately replace it with fresh ones. Zoo keepers like Noel has a daily report containing checklist for animals including their health observations, so doctors will be immediately be informed if animals are okay or sick. Mali’s cuticle ailment was treated with the use of sand, they put up a sand pool inside his cage when Mali started to scrub it all over her body her cuticles started to brake. After every 3 months the keeper replace sand pool with fresh sand delivered with a huge truck. Mali’s way of thinking was adopted from the hundreds people who visits her, her way of thinking is almost like a human being, Noel said. The Red Coca-Cola truck who regularly delivers beverage to stores inside the zoo was banned to pass-by Mali’s ecause cage whenever she sees it she becomes hysterical, running scared around her cage and even experience LBM. She was placed in a red truck when she was still a kid after separating to her parents. Elephant’s memories are sharp. Even after decades of not seeing a person she can still remember it. Noel needs to leave Mali and go to province for family matters, after 2 years of not seeing her zoo keeper, Mali can still remember Noel, not all people are friends with Mali they still need to go hrough a hard training before making Mali at ease with them, Noel said. Asked if needs a companion inside his cage Noel answered † Yes , it could be but they will not be kept in the same cage because it might cause trouble† they need to be at ease and have closure first before putting them in one cage, Just like other animals even if you belong in the same breed it’s the first time they see each other and theyre unacquainted chances are they will beat each other. Mali can survive without a companion, sne was able to live by nerselt tor 38 years now. How to cite Mali of manila zoo-IR, Papers

Philosphy Essay Example For Students

Philosphy Essay Metaphysics: Since physics actually means the physical world; Meta involves the non-material world, such as the mind and spiritual brief.According to Encarta Encyclopedia, Metaphysics, is a branch of philosophy that entails the nature of ultimate reality (p.1) According to the Hummingbird N Companys, The Metaphysical Sciences, the dictionary defines this as A mental philosophy dealing with the nature and causes of being and knowing (p.1).H. J. Patton (1948), says in Immanuel Kent Ground Work of the Metaphysics of Morals, so act that your will can regard itself at the same time universal law thought its maxim (p.34). The interoperation was that the universal law was the humans as rational beings. Therefore, act, as you will but at the same time having the rational beings at the maximum of self-value. Patton goes on to say the rational being is having universal law at is maxim, is giving ones self-supreme value (p. 35). Therefore, Patton feels making decisions should be based on maxims of the universal law (p. 108). Which means all decisions should be made rationally.According to Socrates in Encarta encyclopedia, he believed that his calling was to pursue philosophy, he pursued teaching and engaging in self-examination of ones soul (p.1). Jacques Maritain (1964), Moral Philosophy, Socrates questioned traditional norms (p. 6).He did not write any books and also did not establish a regular school of philosophy (Encarta, Socrates p.1). Plato, one of his dispels, portrayed Socrates as hiding behind an ironical profession of ignorance, known as Socrates irony (Encarta, Socrates, p.1).According to Castell, Brochert, and Zucker, in Introduction to Modern Philosophy, Socrates would engaged in debates with people, playing devils advocate, trying to invoke people to think about religion and other none material aspect (p. 3). Socrates got in trouble for this and was sentenced to exile, but verses doing this he commit suicide. The question is, if he did not commit suicide wo uld he be as well known now. The actual term metaphysics was believed to originate in Rome around 70 BC, according to Encarta Encyclopedia (p. 1). This also states it that it started with Andronicus of Rhodes with his edition of Aristotles work (p. 1).Aristotles Metaphysics he questioned subjects on substance, causality, the nature of being and the existence of God (p. 1). Aristotle argued in favor of a divine being (Encarta, Aristotle, p.2). He described this the Prime Mover: who is responsible of the unity and purposefulness of nature. God is perfect and therefore the aspiration of all things in the world, because all things desire the share of perfection (Encarta, Aristotle, p.2). Logic: Logic is a method of careful ways of thinking how can one think clearly, which the outcome is truth. According to the Encarta Encyclopedia, Logic, it is the science dealing with valid reasoning and or judgment (p.1). In the Encyclopedia Britannica, logic is the study of principle of logic (p.447). Encarta goes on to say, the validity of an argument should be eminent from the truth of the conclusions.If the outcome of the premises is false, then the validity of the conclusion is false (p.1). An example of this is All mammals are four-footed animals; all people are mammals; therefore, all people are four-footed animals this is a valid argument with a false conclusion (p.1).The classical or traditional logic was Aristotelian logic (Encarta, Logic, p.1).This was a mathematical formula, syllogism argument is made up of statements of one of the following: All As are Bs (universal affirmative), No As are Bs (universal negative), Some As are Bs (particular affirmative), or Some As are not Bs (particular negative) (Encarta, logic, P.1).Aristotles research method was as follows: first collect or observation of data, then create a hypothesis or an educated guess, then test your hypothesis which is done by collecting more data, then formulate a theory, test the theory, lastly conclusion or law of nature. With this they broke all barriers except chemistry. .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 , .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 .postImageUrl , .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 , .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6:hover , .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6:visited , .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6:active { border:0!important; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6:active , .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6 .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud06dc3738007d7330689faa6ca08a6b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Digital Arts EssayGeorge Boole and Augustus De Morgan open a new field to logic, the symbolic and modern logic (Encrata, Logic, p.1).Ethics:Ethics is the study of principles. Encarta says it is the study of standards of human conduct or also known as morals (p. 1). According to Modern Philosophy, Ethics of the principles of goodness from badness and actions such as right and wrong (p. 647). Encarta also says it is considered the norms of human conduct (p.1). Morals are steps laid out for daily behavior. According to the The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, there are three types of Ethics: metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. They describe metaethics as inv estigates where our ethical principles come from, and what they mean. They have normative ethics involves a more practical task, which is to arrive at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct. Than lastly they have applied ethics as involves examining specific controversial issues, such as abortion, infanticide, animal rights, environmental concerns, homosexuality, capital punishment, or nuclear war. Plato theories where an assumption that virtue was knowledge and that where taught through out (Encarta, Plato, p.1). He argued, to know the good is to do the good (Plato, p.1). He concluded a moral person is the truly happy person, and because individuals always desire their own happiness, they always desire to do the which is moral (Plato, p.1). Aesthetics:Aesthetics is the worldview; the question is what is beauty, meaning what is pleasing to ones eyes. Aesthetics is the perception of beauty and ugliness (Encarta, p.1). Modern Philosophy, says it is analyzes the human experience of beauty (p.643). It deals with criticizes from particular works of art, analyzing their structure, meanings, and problems, comparing them with other works, and evaluating them (Encarta p.1). Plato thought whomever believed that reality consist of archetypes, or forms, beyond human sensation, which are the models for all things that exist in human experience (Encarta, Aesthetics p.1).Aristotle believed on e could be things as they ought to be, he wrote, and art partly completes what nature cannot bring to a finish (Aesthetics, p.2).Immanuel Kant, felt objects are judged beautiful he proposed, when they satisfy a disinterested desire: one does not involve personal interests or needs (Aesthetics, p.2). Metaphysics, logic, ethics, and aesthesis are important to philosophy. Metaphysics is significant because is the study of truth in the none material world, Socrates questioned everything to find the truth. Logic is important because it is the study of thinking with the out come of truth. Ethics show human beings having a moral standing. Aesthesis shows beauty. These are adding up to show how people are human and how they function.Words/ Pages : 1,174 / 24

The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business

Introduction The company in question is involved in manufacturing where it produces a variety of wood products. It has been a sole proprietorship form of a business unit and currently. However, the owner has plans of converting the company to another form of business unit by considering various factors. However, the entrepreneur does not comprehend all forms of business units and thus he needs to make an informed decision before choosing the form of business that suits his situation.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion of Various Forms of Business Units Sole proprietorship Sole proprietorship is the simplest form of business organization as it is formed and managed by a single individual. With this form of business, the organization is not registered on its own, hence cannot be separated from the owner (Lau Johnson, 2011). Moreover, the owner is entitled to all profits generated by the business at the end of a financial year as well as losses in case they arise. However, the owner is responsible over all debts and liabilities entered into by the business. In the formation of a sole proprietorship, the status automatically passes to the owner. However, for the business to be legal, the owner has to register and obtain the necessary licenses and permits. However, rules regulating the registration process differ in accordance to the location of the business and the industry. In terms of taxation, the owner has to withhold taxes and submit them to the relevant authority. Moreover, the business cannot be taxed separately since incomes generated are also the owner’s incomes. Advantages Sole proprietorship is cheap and easy to form for structural costs are quite low as compared to other forms of business units. In addition, legal costs in relation to obtaining necessary documentation, licenses, and permits are always at minimum. In addition, it is easy to prepare and file tax returns for the business is not taxed separately from the owner, which makes it easy to fulfill reporting requirement in relation to taxes. Decision making process is simplified and faster since the owner is the sole decision maker. Sale and transfer of properties takes place at the discretion of the owner, hence maintenance of secrets within the organization (Lau Johnson, 2011, p. 236). Disadvantages In case the business falls into liability and is unable to pay, the owner is held liable for the debts and obligations of the organization. In addition, any liable act committed by the employees of the business is charged against the owner. In addition, the owner may not have expertise in all areas of management; therefore, he or she may find it difficult to run the entire business. Where there are no finances to start up the business, it is hard to raise capital, especially through seeking financial a ssistance from banking institutions.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More General partnership A partnership defines the relationship that exists between two or more people who have an aim of getting involved in business practices. In the course of carrying on a business, all parties involved share profits and losses as agreed. In the case of a general partnership, each of the partners contributes capital, skills, and even labor in return to sharing into the profits and losses of the business. Although, there is no regulation requiring a partnership to be registered officially, it is always recommended for people to do so (Lau Johnson, 2011, p. 240). In a court of law, evidence of two or more people carrying on a business is enough to call it a general partnership. It is also acceptable that a sole proprietor can change his or her business to this form. In the case stu dy, the sole proprietor is thinking of changing the form of his business to something else. However, if he settles for this form of business, he must be willing to have an additional partner into his business. Termination depends on the type of that the business partners were in; however, it can also end due to factors stipulated in the agreement. Advantages Raising capital is quite easier than when compared to a sole proprietorship for each partner contributes a certain portion of the capital. As opposed to a sole proprietorship, a general partnership can also access loans from financial and non-financial institutions. In the presence of an agreement, it would be easier to solve any problem that arises among partners. Division of labor can easily be exercised, as each partner will participate in running the business. Disadvantages In a general partnership, every partner is liable to all debts and liabilities of the organization. Unfortunately, all profits generated by the business are shared among partners. In addition, due to agency relationship that exists among partners, a mistake made by one person affects all other partners in the business. Death of a single partner means an end to that partnership. Partners are also not free to transfer the ownership of their share to another person freely. Secrecy is not guaranteed in this form of business since every partner is authorized to transact on behalf of all others and all have equal access to books of accounts (p 245). Limited partnership As opposed to a general partnership, limited partnership must involve proper documentation. Partners willing to venture into such a business must also be willing to have a specific location. The partnership consists of limited and a general partner. The limited partner enjoys limited liability, whereas general partners are held liable to the extent of their personal liability. Creation of a limited partnership begins by filing limited partnership certificates through the re levant agency.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advantages Not all partners are liable to the debts and liabilities of the company. Limited partners are not liable to the debts of the partnership. In case of general partners, they are only liable to the extent of their contribution and not the entire liability. Raising capital for the partnership is quite easy. Disadvantages Any legal liability attached to the partnership can be passed to the general partner if the business is unable to meet its obligations. On the other hand, limited partners are passive investors, as they are not allowed to assume active participation in the management of the business. The process of setting up may be long and cumbersome due to the registration procedure required. General partners end up bearing heavy and unnecessary risks of the business. C-corporation These traditional corporations are currently retained by most large organizations globally. The C- Corporations are governed by a board of directors, officers, and bylaws. Stock certificates are also issued to the initial shareholders. Formal paper work is filed in relations to stipulations within the state where the corporation is set up. Advantages The corporation ensures protection of the owners’ properties through separation of actions of owners from those of the corporation. The business is a legal entity that can act on its own; therefore, can sue or be sued without involving the stockholders and other officers. Shareholders have powers to vote for the directors based on their number of shares as stipulated in the articles of incorporation. Shareholders can freely transfer their shares without consultations. Disadvantages Lengthy and bureaucratic procedures are followed during incorporation. Decisions are made by officers and director, and thus the decisi ons may not align to the wishes of shareholders. These organizations are subject to corporate taxes that translate to additional costs to the organization. This corporation is subject to double taxation, since shareholders are also taxed on their dividends (Lau Johnson, p.249). S-corporation An organization has first to move to a C-Corporation before being upgraded to the status of an S Corporation. However, an S-Corporation cannot accommodate more than 100 shareholders. Moreover, it is the responsibility of these shareholders to pass their corporate income, deductions, losses, and credit. S Corporations have one class of stock. Advantages Shareholders have the privilege to choose their profits and the extent of their losses. The corporation is also not subject to double taxation as opposed to C-Corporations for the corporation reports the flow of incomes and losses on members’ personal tax return, hence avoiding double taxation.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Disadvantages The corporation has only allowable shareholders, thus restricting partnerships and alien shareholders. The corporation is also selective on some certain financial institutions, insurance companies, and some domestic and international sales corporations. For a small business, joining this corporation is complicated, as one has to fill some forms to be granted permission . Limited liability company This business organization has a membership of 10 to 20 members, but it should not exceed 50 members for professionals. Members’ property and shareholders are protected and thus cannot be used to settle financial obligations of an organization. One of the advantages of this form of a company is that shareholders’ wealth is protected. The company is also a going concern since the death of any member cannot affect the continuity of operations. However, the company is subject to double taxation since both the company and shareholders’ dividends are also taxed . Recommendations From the case presented above, it is evident that the business has outgrown its capacity as a sole proprietorship. Since the organization had not yet formed any form of the corporation, the owner should upgrade the business to a limited liability company. The organization needs to increase its earnings, thus leading to an increment in profits that can cater for the increased expenses in relation to those of other corporations. A limited liability company could suit the organization, as it is easier to form in comparison to the S and C corporations. Although the company is subject to double taxation, I strongly recommend this form of business organization. For the case of these other corporations, there are stringent measures, as stipulated by regulations governing the formation of these organizations. With the expansion of a business, an organization is likely to seek services of expatriates because such a move comes along with inventions and innovations mostly in technology. This aspect will be a crucial idea for the business that is dealing with timber products. Improved technology would ensure proper utilization of available resources and introduction of new designs. Although I support strategies outlined by S Corporations, I would not recommend it because this form does not favor alien shareholders. I strongly recommend a limited liability company as it would ensure wealth of shareholders is safeguarded. Moreover, the sole proprietor was used to dealing with a small number of employees; therefore, recommending companies that would require many shareholders would amount to incompetence. A limited liability company is suitable, as the owner will only have to deal with less than 50 shareholders, and thus management becomes easier. Reference Lau, T., Johnson, l. (2011). The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business. Irvington, NY: Flat World Knowledge. This critical writing on The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business was written and submitted by user Ignacio Flynn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Abuse vs Discipline Essay Example

Abuse vs Discipline Essay Example Abuse vs Discipline Paper Abuse vs Discipline Paper Blake Moss Abuse Versus Discipline A mother spanks her child in a public parking lot. While a nearby citizen watches in horror and begins to dial 911. Is this wrong? Does the mother have authority to do this to her own child? Who gets to decide how the mother disciplines her child? Why here? These are the questions that come across the mind of todays society. Most people would agree that the child did something â€Å"wrong,† but opinion collide on how the mother should discipline the child. Parents from generations ago would not have thought twice about this incident. In todays era, as technology has progressed so has the ideas of child abuse and discipline. What is the difference between child abuse vs. child discipline? Then Versus Now Disciplining children in the 1950s has been seen as strict, harsh and oppressive . In fact, children were often meant to be seen but not heard. Back then , if a child forgot to say â€Å"sir† or â€Å"maam† behind their statement to a teacher or another adult, he or she had the possibility of taking a blow from a switch to the rear. This is a lot different from generations growing up today. Children are almost never taught proper manners when addressing higher authority figures. Some parents turn their heads at any sign of physical discipline. Statistics Statistics show a report of child abuse is made every ten seconds. Another shows that more than five children die from child abuse every day. That means everyday about 9,000 reports of child abuse are made. Children are less likely to die from child abuse if they are active in the community or attend a public school system. 80% of children who die from child abuse are under the age of four . The other 20% are in elementary schools. This dramatic difference is due to authorities and professionals helping to protect children. Why dont the children tell? Statistics say that over 90% of children who are sexually abused, know who their abuser is. Children are terrified of their abuser so, they protect abuser in hope that they wont hurt them or their family. 30% of the children who are abused will go on to abuse others later on in life. The abused have a 80% chance to developing some kind of psychological disorder. They have a higher risk of being sent to prison as will. Statistics show that 14% of all men in prison were abused as a child and that 36% of women in prison were abused. Abuse and Neglect by Law Child abuse by law in the Child Welfares Information Gateway in Missouri as â€Å"Any physical injury inflicted on a child by other than accidental means by those responsible for the child’s care, custody, and control. † This means that any physical punishment such as a bar of soap in the mouth, is seen as abuse. The person who put the soap in the childs mouth is abusing them. Neglect is defined in this article as well it is â€Å"Failure to provide, by those responsible for the care, custody, and control of the child, proper or necessary support; education as required by law; nutrition; or medical, surgical, or any other care necessary for the child’s well-being. † When the state says this, it does not define â€Å"proper support. † This leaves room for interpretation. In some parents mind if you do not celebrate a child’s ‘B+’ grade then you are neglecting him or her. Is it correct for the state to tell parents how to discipline their children in certain ways? Abuse and Neglect by Definition The dictionary says child abuse is â€Å"mistreatment of a child by a parent or guardian, including neglect, beating, and sexual molestation. † By this definition the amount of the action is not defined. Also, beating and neglect are not defined; this leaves room for interpretation again. Some may interpret it as laying a hand on a child at all, where other may take it as leaving a bruise. Neglect can be defined as â€Å"failure of caretakers to provide adequate emotional and physical care for a child† in the dictionary. This â€Å"adequate† definition still has room for interpretation. This may mean enough to stay alive such as one meal a week, or it may mean three large meals a day. Who gets to make these interpretations? Is it the caretaker or parents or the child or is it the state? Discipline by Definition Discipline is â€Å"the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior, using punishment to correct disobedience. † A question that comes to mine is; who gets define the amount of â€Å"punishment? † And who gets to decide the rules and code of behavior? Is it the parents or guardians, or is it the governmental agencies? If a child is doing something wrong and the parent chooses to â€Å"swat† the child then they are violating the law because they are inflicting â€Å"physical injury inflicted on the child. † Is this wrong or is it right? Christians Opinion Proverbs 23:13-15 says â€Å"Do not withhold discipline from a child; if you strike him with a rod, he will not die. If you strike him with the rod, you will save his soul from Sheol. My son, if your heart is wise, my heart too will be glad. † This is not saying to beat until the child can not stand it is saying that if a parent uses physical discipline they will not die. Discipline your son, for there is hope; do not set your heart on putting him to death. † This quote comes from Proverbs 19:18. So what is Christians view on discipline? It is okay to use physical and mental discipline. God elaborates throughout his holy book that He not only believes in physical discipline, but recommends it. He states this multiple tim es in the bible and shows many examples of it. He is not encouraging child abuse by any means. However, by the ideas of society now; God would find abuse alright. No Discipline What would a child grow up to be if he or she were never disciplined? Spoiled. If a child was never told â€Å"No† they would come to the conclusion that they were always correct. Even if that was not the case, a child would never quite know the meaning behind right and wrong. They would never learn to respect others and even worse themselves. Hard work would no longer play a major role in the development of life without discipline. In the movie â€Å"A Christmas Story† Ralph says a curse word in front of his father, and he is punished by a bar of soap in his mouth. Now in your opinion is this wrong? After Ralph is sent to bed his mother puts the bar of soap in her mouth for the same exact reason. She was brought up to believe that it is wrong to curse and she knows that it is only fair for her to also be punished. If the mother had never been punished by the soap she would of never learned to punish her children in the same manor. This is only one example why discipline is necessary. Children might not think that it is fair to get a spanking, but they learn their lesson. A child without any disciple will never know right from wrong or bad verses good. But, where is the fine line drawn between discipline and abuse? Side Effects Physical abuse and neglect have immediate and long-term effects on a child’s development. The long-term effects can be seen in higher rates of psychiatric disorders, increased rates of drug and alcohol abuse, and a variety of relationship difficulties. The most common perpetrators of child abuse and neglect are found in people who have been abused and neglected themselves. There is proof to show the connection between child abuse and the neglect and psychological, emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal disorders later in his or her life. Studies have shown that a child uses the parent’s state of mind to regulate the child’s own mental processes. A child needs a sensitive and responsible parent in order to form their own mind set into knowing right from wrong. Children who have been sexually abused are at significant risk of developing anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders alcohol abuse drug abuse and antisocial behavior. Children who were sexually abused, also have a higher risk of becoming a predator themselves later in life. In the novel â€Å"A Child Called It† by David Pelzer, you see the major physical abuse and neglect that he endured for many treacherous years. This book shows you how an abused mother continues the cycle of abuse on her own child. If you continue reading the novel series you come to a book called â€Å"A Man Named Dave,† throughout this book you see the exact troubles that a grown man struggles with in order to overcome the effects of child abuse. This series shows the horrendous cycle of abuse, not only affecting the child but, people they encounter for the rest of their life. The Effort to Stop AbuseKids Matter Inc. is a group of parents in Milwaukee trying to make child abuse and neglect extinct. The members come from all different types of professions such as, doctors and teachers. They are a small organization that puts volunteer energy into their neediest kids. This organization was formed in 2000 and has been growing rapidly ever since. Every Child Matters is another organization devoted to stopping child abuse by policies. This effort is a paper filled effort. They try to promote new policies to give children the necessary equipment to have a better tomorrow. They ensure that children have access to affordable, comprehensive health care services. They promote and expand the early-care and learning opportunities and after-school programs. Also they prevent violence against children in their homes and relive child poverty. Child Welfare is the most well know child abuse organization devoted to protecting children. This organization is sponsored through the government. It allows the group to actually step in and take the child from their home of abuse, into a home with love and affection. This agency helps protect children from their abusers. The Child Welfare’s website provides all kinds of information which regards to protecting children. They have state by state abuse definitions. This website has been helpful in trying to define â€Å"child abuse by law. † Also it shows the guide lines to mandatory reporting of child abuse. Mandatory Reports In the state of Missouri, professionals are the only people required to report abuse. This is the law in Missouri and in 33 other states. In Missouri, the professionals that they are meaning are medical, educational, religious, governmental, and photographers. Also, any other persons responsible for the care of children must report. Do these professionals know the difference? Sometimes they might be able to tell the main difference such as a red mark versus a deep bruise. It would be difficult for some professionals to tell because children are clumsy. The exceptions to these policies are two main people. They are the religious and governmental. For the religious, there is a â€Å"Clergy-penitent privilege. † This is to protect the people who talk to their priest. This protects them so the person who does the confessional does not have to suffer any more. The governmental exception is the â€Å"Attorney-client privilege. † This exception is only acceptable in 22 states. This privilege is specifically confirmed. Conclusion In conclusion children do need an understanding of discipline.. discipline allows the child to grow and learn there are boundaries in life. When discipline becomes beating a child nothing is learned. Abuse only teaches the child it is ok to abuse others. Parents determine the amount of discipline the exception to this is when the parent takes it to far and teaches or government agencies may step in. abuse can be stopped if the community will do its part and help raise children in a good structured environment

Social Cognitive Theory SelfEfficacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Social Cognitive Theory SelfEfficacy - Essay Example A step further rewarding or punishing the model for hitting the bobo doll elicited similar reactions on the children. Where the model was rewarded the children who viewed the tape felt inclined to do the same in order to also be rewarded. In the case of punishment the children refrained from imitating the model in fear of punishment. Following this experiment it is clear that personality is imitated and is alterable when reinforcements are placed. This essay therefore discusses this theory in line with related theories and how useful they can actually be in developmental learning. The social/cognitive theory is the brain child of Albert Bandura and has recently become highly influential as a theory of " learning and development." For Bandura, even though he believed in the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, the concept of direct reinforcement could not form the basis for all types of learning. .His theory gives the theory of learning a social aspect arguing that research and observation of behaviours plays a central role in this understanding. According to Bandura, children learn and observe from other people's behaviours. He gives an example where some children observed an adult acting violently toward a Bobo doll. Later on they treated the doll violently as well and this showed how cognition affects learning development.For Bandura there is a trilogy of observational behaviourology for children Learning through a live model (actual demonstration). Learning through the verbal instructional model (descriptions of behaviour). Learning through a symbolic model(for example the examples and stereotypes set in the media) Secondly there is a concept of, Intrinsic Reinforcement within Bandura's account where he has noted that the external, environment is not the only factor to influence learning and behaviour. The concept of intrinsic reinforcement brings with it feelings of internal reward, ( pride, satisfaction, or accomplishment.)So the Social Cognitive theory emphasises upon internal thoughts and how these internal cognitions aid in the understanding of cognitive developmental theories and behaviours. For Bandura this is not the a mere social/behavioural leaning theory but a Social Cognitive theory where he shows that mere learning does not affect behaviour.We learn through observations and experiences. It can arguably lead to a change in behaviour but not the same kind of learning that is reinforced by observation .In his explanation of the "modelling process" he goes on to explain that not all behaviours are learned properly and this depends on the type of model behaviour the child is looking up to. For him the road to effective learning involves certain requirements in the effective observational learning and modelling procedure The learner needs to have an effective attention span and distractions are not good for learning at all.For this the learning material needs to be interesting. Retaining information is very important. The learner should be able to retrieve the information learned at the right place and time.After absorbing information,

Analysis of McClearns Closed for Business Essay

Analysis of McClearns Closed for Business - Essay Example The core argument or the thesis is that the Canadian government has been causing confusing amongst investors by blocking some bids from foreign investors without clear explanations. The author concludes that Canada could be closed for foreign business. The author has supported the argument using evidence of various companies that have been prevented from investing in Canada without any explanations from the government. Moreover, the author argues that Prime Minister Visit to china to encourage investors from china to invest in Canada has been received as a threat by American investors. Additionally, the Canadian government appears to be contradicting the prime ministers statement by rejecting bids from foreign companies wanting to invest in Canada. Another argument to support the thesis statement is that the Canadian government under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau introduced Foreign Investment Review Act (FIRA) in 1973 and the Investment Canada Act (ICA) in 1985. The two acts were sup posed to aid in setting up guidelines to be followed by foreign investors. However, there were no changes in the application and endorsement process. This has added to the confusion since the Canadian government is not clear on the requirements that foreign companies should meet in order to be allowed to invest in Canada. Although the author argues that Canada has been blocking investors, some parts of the article, arguments, and examples appear to contradict the main  argument while others do not contribute to the argument. For example, the author argues that foreign investors are being blocked from investing but still claims that 90% of foreign applications for takeover were rubberstamped. This is considerably high and does not show presence of any obstacle. On the contrary, the argument depict that Canada is still open for foreign investments (McClearn 34-36) Summary According to McClearn Canada was built using money obtained through the foreign investors. British investors fin anced the building of railways, buildings, canals and most of the infrastructures while American Industrialist was responsible of building most industries and manufacturing plants. Over the past, Canada has always been open and allowed foreign companies to invest. Around February, the Canadian prime minister personally visited China to inform the Chinese government that Canada was open for foreign investment. However, things have changed rapidly, Canada has been vetting foreign company, and a considerable number of foreign companies have been prevented from Investing in Canada. Such companies include Malaysia Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas) and Lowe’s. Furthermore, there is fear that the Canadian government will reject the offer for Nexen by China National Offshore Oil Corp. Moreover, the Canadian Government has been showing mixed signals. McClearn views such moves as a threat to foreign investors since it appears like the Prime minister, Stephen Harper is contradicting himself (McClearn 34-38). Although Canada argues that it is open for investors from various countries including the upcoming China and Malaysia, investors from the two countries have been treated coldly through rejection of their bids. Moreover, the Canadian government has not given any explanations for the rejections which has created a chill amongst the investors (McClearn 35-36) Analysis of the Arguments   The statements and the evidence are sufficient to persuade the reader that the argument is sound. Almost all the arguments and statements made are followed by examples. For example, the argument that Canadian government is not giving enough explanations for rejection of investments by most companies has been supported by examples of several companies. Such

History and Origins of ISIS

History and Origins of ISIS Since the last United States (US) presidential elections, there has been a raise in hate speech and crimes, frequently by right-wing parties and often directed towards Muslims, there has also been an emphasis on ISIS propaganda (Lewis, 2017). The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, known as ISIS, is an offspring of al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) which is a branch of the group al-Qaeda. The Islamic State, aka the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) or in Arabic Da’esh, is a Sunni Salafi-jihadist militant movement and unrecognized quasi-state as it once controlled 10 million people (see Figure 1). As ISIS is a descendent of al-Qaeda, in order to outline its birth, this paper will explain the origins of al-Qaeda and the history that leads up to ISIS. Primarily done through a literature review, this paper will look at historical events, periods and their deeply rooted issues that led up to the formation of al-Qaeda, al-Qaeda in Iraq and more importantly ISIS starting with the Ottoman Empire to the 21st century. This is the history of the rise of ISIS to what it has now become. Rise of ISIS It is perceived around the world that al-Qaeda is a terrorist group that conducted or has inspired many horrible acts of violence since the 21st century including a series of car bombings and shootings, 9/11, and more. Although, ISIS is also known as a terrorist group, a key difference between al-Qaeda and ISIS are their enemies, al-Qaeda engages in a war with the West, while ISIS is more involved in the Middle East (Lister, 2015). This has caused the war on terror, which include international military campaigns, particularly by the United States, as we will discuss. Although, some attacks have been inspired by ISIS in the West, the organization does not advocate for such actions or war on the West, unlike al-Qaeda who conduct 9/11 style attacks, ISIS usually does not participate in major terrorist attacks against the West (Lister, 2015). ISIS is rather reluctant to engage with the West directly or to ‘take on’ the West, this can be seen through the refusal of attack Isr ael, as it is a US ally nor did it openly pick a side in the Israeli-Palestinian War (Lister, 2015). In spite of this, they are still a terrorist group who conduct horrendous acts of violence and cruelty such as the use children soldiers, kidnapping and sell women as sex slaves or force them to marry their fighters, murder praying Shiites, and sell organs on the black market, all in the name of Allah. Furthermore, ISIS is known to use Sunni resentment[1] against Shiites in their fight and recruitment as they are a Sunni group. ISIS is a Salafi[2] jihadist militant movement with great power; by 2014, the group embodied 31,000 Muslims fighters who have joined its rank from nine different countries (Hassan, 2016; Lister, 2015). Many of these ISIS fighters join for religious reasons, other believe that the group offers some answers and a purpose to their anger towards Shiites and Westerns (VIDEO). Their commitment to establish a unitary state or caliphate with no borders in the Middle East and wish to extend this to India (Lister, 2015). Ottoman Empire & Colonial Era   During the time of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East, the Tanzimat, which is the reorganization of the Empire, brought about the development of an elite and liberal nationalism with the goal of independence from colonial powers, but saving the beneficial characteristics of these Western states and their markets (Hazbun, 2015). This reorganization caused power to centralized and the bureaucracy to modernized and that opened new markets. This challenged the national identity, sovereignty, self-determination and security of Middle Eastern countries, but also created different groups with a common interest in these capitalist economies, which the need for specific political representation (Hazbun, 2015). While supporting the modernization of the upper class, these reforms also caused lower social classes to become populist[3] and develop a radical nationalism as they wished to oppose these developments (Hazbun, 2015). This internal separation occurred until Sykes and Picot[4], British and French diplomats respectively, divided the Ottoman Empire and created new territorial borders (Hazbun, 2015). The collapse of the Ottoman Empire, thus, started British rule and French rule in the Middle East. These new states (and borders) were rejected by, â€Å"Arab nationalist and social-reformist ideologies territorial nationalisms, Islamic solidarity and tribal identity† (Hazbun, 2015). This gave rise to populist protests and revolts for independence across North Africa, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Iraq against the imposed leaders from the recent protectorates (Hazbun, 2015). When independence occurred, there was still a dependence on external powers, which caused a more recent rise of middle class of urban professionals that led â€Å"radical Arab-nationalist, socialist, labor and communist movements that sought to challenge both the colonial states and the Arab elite who had inherited political power and economic privileges† (Hazbun, 2015). These movements sought change through the modernization and socio-economic reforms that the middle-class could identify with. The institutionalization of inequality in the colonial-era resulted of the Sykes and Picot agreement and led to the social discontent of Middle Eastern society that sparked disruption that can be seen as the root revolutionary groups. Arab-Nationalism   During the 1950s and 1960s, the region was occupied with disruption and change, which some call the Arab Cold War due to the series of uprisings and conflicts (Hazbun, 2015). As the radical Arab-nationalist groups challenged the Western influence in the area; Arab politics were also altered by ‘street politics’[5], an ideological shift and social movements (Hazbun, 2015). These groups rallied enough support to promote Arab-nationalist leaders that opposed the West, such as Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egyptian President. Even though, many Arab-nationalist revolutions were accomplished with military coups, the objective was to take over a state and claim sovereignty over its resources (Hazbun, 2015). During President Nasser’s government, Egypt became the first Arab regime to have state power and encourage â€Å"self-determination and modernization† and grew to be a regional force (Hazbun, 2015). In the mid sixties, the basis of their confrontation with the old system was gone, as their modernization of welfare, programs and development could not be done without external support (Hazbun, 2015). This made governments turn to autocratic means of social control and the suppression of conflicting views. The same people that encouraged Arab-nationalist leaders, such as Nasser, now were the same people â€Å"who provided the social bases for the rise of the radical Islamist movements that challenged the legitimacy of the rulers of the secular modern Arab states† (Hazbun, 2015). And the governments need for external help led to foreign intervention and dependence which continued opposition domestically, regional competitiveness and conflict (Hazbun, 2015). Arab-Israeli War In 1967, the Arab-Israeli War was fought by Syria and Egypt to regain occupied territory taking by Israel[6] and other Middle Eastern countries competed for control. An accumulation of factors above lead to the definition of regional politics in the Middle East to be described in terms of conflict and feuds. The oil Crisis of 1973 produced an even larger divide between the Middle East with oil-producing countries (such as Iraq) gaining more wealth and influence while non-producing countries were heavily on intervention and aid (such as Syria) (Hazbun, 2015). By the 1970s and 80s, the inequality in Arab states grew to new heights that made societies and citizens dissatisfied and caused resentment towards the government, and its top officials, due to the lessening of protections and corruption (Hazbun, 2015). Therefore, governments restrained mobilization and political expression, and they relied more heavily on international support, from foreign nations such as the United States. This support allowed leaders to keep their power and security while facing domestic threats of discontent. It is through this social repression, government exhaustion and an authoritarian regime that helped emerge militant Islamist movements, which ideologically challenged the â€Å"modern secular-nationalist state† (Hazbun, 2015). These movements and groups used violent means in order to overthrow regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia (Hazbun, 2015). Among Islamic jihad actions were the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and numerous tourists’ attacks. During the Cold War, in 1979, the Soviet Union invades Afghanistan with intentions of defending the authoritarian leader against rebels (VIDEO). For many of these rebels, they were fighting for a religious struggle, called the mujahid, and some developed extremist views (VIDEO). One of the rebels who did so was Osama Bin Laden, a well-educated Saudi, which later created al-Qaeda and was executed by the US forces in 2011 (Stern & Berger, 2016). Another rebel was Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi, uneducated Jordanian and former gangster, who later created ISIS (Fishman, 2016; Stern & Berger, 2016). These fighters subsequently used the civil unrest and discontent to their interests and founded their own militant groups. Al-Qaeda was founded in 1988 with recruit fundamentalist soldier that fought against the Soviets earlier on; the terrorist organization became a network that defended the struggle against Islam’s enemies (Riches, & Palmowski, 2016). United States Foreign Policy in the Middle East and its Effects   As the US does not work or encourage terrorist groups, by the late 1960s, they had abandoned rational nationalism’s progressive reforms and modernization (Hazbun, 2015). Instead, they created closer ties with the Israelis and practiced containment policies of radical Arab states (Syria for example) and invaded Lebanon in order to drive out the Palestine Liberation Organization[7] (PLO) (Hazbun, 2015). In order to help the US interest and development a Middle Eastern strategy, they kept close relations with growing authoritarian regimes and â€Å"backed their efforts to suppress social and political mobilization† (Hazbun, 2015). The support of authoritarian regimes for national interest, as well as, disregarding human rights and American values of democracy and freedom has become a recurring pattern in US foreign policy. In the late 1980s and 1990s, policy makers in the George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton administrations wanted to use US power to contain instability and lead the regions into the modern world (Hazbun, 2015). This led to an even greater difference between societal and national rhetoric of insecurity that led to the foundations of Arab uprisings (Hazbun, 2015). US foreign policies and actions regarding the Middle Eastern disruption and violence lead to the invasion of Iraq in 2003, which caused an increase in societal insecurities and division (Hazbun, 2015). This 2003 invasion was largely opposed to by neighbouring countries as they did not perceive Syria as a threat, and thus, US went to war with limited support from the region (Hazbun, 2015). Under President Bush, the US alleged that Iraq had nuclear weapons and the hosting of al-Qaeda members by Saddam Hussein (Fishman, 2016). The US secretary of state also emphasized Zarqawi as the leader of a fatal terrorist network, which made Zarqawi internationally known and in doing so, actually recruited fighters (Fishman, 2016). Furthermore, the consequences of the invasion were wide and include breaking civil order, mobilization of Sunni jihadist movements in Iraq and the general radicalization of Sunnis (Krieger, 2014). Both before and after this intervention and conflict, Sunni radicalization increased, but more importantly the US withdrawal from Iraq caused a power vacuum that the group took advantage of (Lister, 2015). Particularly due to the failure of the United States government to establish and â€Å"leave behind sustainable democratic institutions, a well-trained army, a functioning bureaucracy, and relative ethnic and sectarian harmony† (Lister, 2015). As ISIS’s growth is dependent on the particular military and political situation that has resulted from the isolation of and hostility to the Sunni population by the government and the lack of infrastructure left behind by the US (Lister, 2015). This lack of permanent and beneficial action in Iraq happened in Afghanistan and in Lybia, where the US overthrow Gaddafi, but did not build a new government (Lister, 2015). This lack of action has created a hatred for the US of which ISIS has benefited from (Lister, 2015). Thus, this invasion set the foundations for ISIS, for example, the Sunni dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, destroyed the nation’s army, which led to thousands of angry and unemployed Sunni-Iraqi soldiers who joined the Sunni insurgency (Stern & Berger, 2016). As jihadist groups saw this as a repeat to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, many came to fight of which Zarqawi (VIDEO). The jihadist group led by Zarqawi became the most violent group in Iraq and targeted mostly Shiites, which sparked the Sunni-Shiite civil war. By 2004, Zarqawi was famous jihadi, fighter of the struggle against the enemy of Islam, by that time, al-Qaeda had weakened and thus an alliance was formed between both leaders which lead to al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), which was created to fight against US forces in its occupation of Iraq (Hassan, 2016; Stern & Berger, 2016). Until 2006, Iraq Sunnis stand up to Zarqawi and he was killed by an US air strike (Fishman, 2016). Then, US leaves Iraq in 2011 as it has stabilized according to them. According to Hassan, â€Å"Iraqi Sunnis have been subjected to years of political and economic marginalisation, state-sanctioned repression, lawlessness and rampant corruption in the hands of Iraq’s Shia-led government under the former Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki [and others]. They have rebelled by joining ISIS† (2016). Which leads to the Arab springs in the Middle East in 2011, caused by Syrian dictator Assad suppression of protesters that leads to a civil war (Fishman, 2016). As he fears external intervention (that will overthrow his dictatorship), he releases jihadists that were supposed to help suppress protesters, but instead make them more extreme (VIDEO). In Iraq, the remains of Zarqawi’s groups are still allied with al-Qaeda, but are now known as ISI (the Islamic State in Iraq) lead by religious scholar Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Fishman, 2016). In 2012, Baghdadi sends top ISI deputy in Syria to start a new al-Qaeda branch that will fight along the rebels called Jabhat al-Nusra (Stern & Berger, 2016). In order to gain strength, Baghdadi strikes prisons and releases former jihadis, as well as, forming new fighters (VIDEO). A year later, he announces that he is taking over all al-Qaeda forces in Syria, in addition to Iraq, the group therefore expands to be known as ISIS to include Syria (Fishman, 2016; Stern & Berger, 2016). The al-Qaeda branch, Jabhat al-Nusra, rejects Baghdadi’s ISIS and causes civil war (Stern & Berger, 2016). As the oppression and conflict in Iraq allowed ISI to expand, the Syrian violence caused Baghdadi to expand in Syria (Stern & Berger, 2016). Nevertheless, ISIS grows powerful in Syria, because Assad tolerates its rise (which he does because it divides his enemies within Syria and causes an emphasis of foreign power on ISIS rather than on himself and his regime) (VIDEO). In early 2014, ISIS had been disowned by al-Qaeda claiming â€Å"ISIS is not a branch of the group, we have no organizational relationship with it, and is not responsible for its actions† (Stern & Berger, 2016). Yet this break in alliance did not hinder ISIS; by summer 2014, ISIS has a large army within Syria, which invades Iraq militarily and become victorious quickly due to a corrupt Iraqi army (VIDEO; Fishman, 2016). According to Fishman, this invasion of ISIS in Iraq â€Å"signalled the emergence of a new force in the Middle East – a hybrid organisation that combined terrorist tactics, military precision, religious ideology, and technological and bureaucratic innovation (2016). And because many Iraqi Sunnis are tired of the Shiite authoritarian government, most welcomed ISIS or at least tolerated them in Iraq (VIDEO). Within days of entry in Iraq, ISIS had captured 1/3 of its territory and a large part of Syria. ISIS’s goal is more audacious that al-Qaeda’s as it wants to revive the ancient caliphate and expand it to involve all Muslims (VIDEO). Conclusion In conclusion, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria’s origins are found the roots of al-Qaeda particularly in its offspring al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI). Al-Qaeda and ISIS are said to be ideological twins, but strategic enemies, as they both adhere to the same ideology, yet, ISIS overshadows al-Qaeda due to its control of territory and oil rigs, its large financial resources, its great success in the proclamation of caliphate and its alliance to many Islamic groups that have pledged alliance to it like Boko Haram (Lister, 2015). The development of ISIS and its self-proclaimed Caliph al-Baghdadi was a mixture of societal exclusions and discrimination (both ethnic and religious) that explains the â€Å"angry, disillusioned and marginalised Iraqi Sunnis† support for ISIS (Hassan, 2016). Thus, the combination of political and religious oppression and personal circumstances led ISIS to grow strong from the roots of Al-Qaeda in Iraq (Hassan, 2016). In addition, some critics of US fo reign policy claim that the US caused the birth of ISIS due to its withdrawal of Iraq in 2010, which left the group with the ‘space’ to expand with limited military resistance. There is a general consensus and hope within scholars that ISIS will be soon defeated, especially with its current size. Recently, ISIS lost its control in Raqqa by its seizure by an alliance of Syrian and Arabs fighters backed by the US after a 3 year hold, which greatly diminishes the group’s power. This is, of course, a watered down and simplified version of the origins and history behind ISIS. As Fishman explains, the defeat of ISIS will depend on how it is defined, meaning that if it is defined as a cult with a distort interpretation of Islam, its abolishment would simply account for explaining its false views, rather than if it is defined through violent actions that need a war to destruct the organization (2016). â€Å"As President Barack Obama observed at the 2015 White House conference on countering violent extremism, ‘When governments oppress their people, deny human rights, stifle dissent or marginalise ethnic and religious groups, or favor certain religious groups over others, it sows the seeds of extremism and violence’.† (Hassan, 2016). â€Å"In the modern globalised world, diversity and cultural crossovers are becoming a matter of routine. Hybridity is transforming different Islamic countries and regions into autonomous cultural systems; thus posing a challenge to the conventional categorical oppositions of ‘us’ and ‘them’, ‘Muslim’ and ‘other’.† (Hassan, 2016). Please note: This is a ‘watered down’ version of historical facts and the origins of ISIS. All sections discussed could have been discussed in great detail as they are complex matter, as well as, more events could have been discussed. Although, for this paper, I decided to give a simple yet far lengthen view of the rise of ISIS. References Lister, C. R. (2015). The Islamic State: a brief introduction. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press. Hazbun, W. (2015). A History of Insecurity: From the Arab Uprisings to ISIS.  Middle East Policy,  22(3), 55-65. doi:10.1111/mepo.12143 Riches, C., & Palmowski, J. (2016). ‘PLO’, ‘al-Qaeda’, and ‘ISIS’ in A dictionary of contemporary world history: over 2800 entries. Krieger, J. (2014). US Invasion of Iraq in The Oxford companion to international relations. Fishman, B. (2016). Defining ISIS.  Survival (00396338),  58(1), 179-188. doi:10.1080/00396338.2016.1142145 Hassan, R. (2016). ISIS and the Caliphate. Australian Journal of Political Science, 51(4), 759–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2016.1242115 Stern, J., & Berger, J. M. (2016). ISIS: the state of terror (First ECCO paperback edition). New York: Ecco Press, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. https://www.researchgate.net/blog/post/al-qaeda-5-years-after-the-death-of-osama-bin-laden http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27838034 Figures Figure 1. Map of ISIS control. We can clearly see the decrease in ISIS control between January 2015 and October 2017. [1] The Sunni and Shiite divide started in †¦ and is caused by ideological differences among which †¦. [2] Salafism is an ultra-conservative branch of Sunni Islam [3] A populist is a member of a political party that represents ordinary people and their interests. [4] The Sykes and Picot Agreement divided the former Ottoman Empire who had been newly defeated by the members of the entente cordiale (France and Great Britain) into new borders and sphere of influence and control. [5] Street-politics refers to the use of the streets to discuss and protest their wants from their government. [6] This capture of land by Israelis from the Palestinians is part of a long Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is a complex and ongoing conflict in the Middle East. [7] Founded in 1964, the PLO wants a secular and democratic state of Palestine, along with the elimination of Israel (Riches, & Palmowski, 2016).